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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Labrador</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the region in Canada. For the breed of dog, see <a href="Labrador_Retriever" title="Labrador Retriever">Labrador Retriever</a>. For other uses, see <a href="Labrador_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Labrador (disambiguation)">Labrador (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Labrador</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">
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<div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="Flag_of_Labrador" title="Flag of Labrador">Flag</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: <a href="Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"The Big Land"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Munus splendidum mox explebitur</i></span> (<a href="Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'Our splendid task will soon be fulfilled')</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: "<a href="Ode_to_Labrador" title="Ode to Labrador">Ode to Labrador</a>"<div class="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Labrador (red) within Canada</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">
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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:54,-62"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°N</span> <span class="longitude">62°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54°N 62°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54; -62</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ceded to Great Britain by the <a href="Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1763</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Became part of the <a href="Province_of_Lower_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Lower Canada">Province of Lower Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1791</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transferred to <a href="Newfoundland_Colony" title="Newfoundland Colony">Newfoundland Colony</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1809</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">294,330 km<sup>2</sup> (113,640 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">26,655</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">0.091/km<sup>2</sup> (0.23/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="Atlantic_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Standard Time">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="UTC%E2%88%923" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−3">UTC−3</a> (ADT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="UTC%E2%88%923%3A30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−3:30">UTC−3:30</a> (<a href="Newfoundland_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland Standard Time">NST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="UTC%E2%88%922%3A30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−2:30">UTC−2:30</a> (NDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">MP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Yvonne_Jones" title="Yvonne Jones">1</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Newfoundland_and_Labrador_House_of_Assembly" title="Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly">MHA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="Innu" title="Innu">Innu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Impacts_of_Non-Indigenous_Activities_on_the_Innu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impacts_of_Non-Indigenous_Activities_on_the_Innu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, <a href="NunatuKavut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="NunatuKavut people">Métis</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Labrador</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span></span>/</span></span>) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of <a href="Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Labrador_peninsula_(Toponymy)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Labrador_peninsula_(Toponymy)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of <a href="Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a> by the <a href="Strait_of_Belle_Isle" title="Strait of Belle Isle">Strait of Belle Isle</a>. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four <a href="Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic provinces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Albert_Peter_Low_and_the_exploration_of_Quebec-Labrador_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albert_Peter_Low_and_the_exploration_of_Quebec-Labrador-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the <a href="Labrador_Peninsula" title="Labrador Peninsula">Labrador Peninsula</a>. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of <a href="Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of <a href="Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> on <a href="Killiniq_Island" title="Killiniq Island">Killiniq Island</a>.
</p><p>The <a href="Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a> of Labrador include the Northern <a href="Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> of <a href="Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a>, the Southern-Inuit of <a href="NunatuKavut" title="NunatuKavut">NunatuKavut</a>, and the <a href="Innu" title="Innu">Innu</a> of <a href="Nitassinan" title="Nitassinan">Nitassinan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Impacts_of_Non-Indigenous_Activities_on_the_Innu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impacts_of_Non-Indigenous_Activities_on_the_Innu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div>
<p>Labrador is named after <a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Fernandes_Lavrador" title="João Fernandes Lavrador">João Fernandes Lavrador</a>, a Portuguese explorer who sailed along the coasts of the <a href="Labrador_Peninsula" title="Labrador Peninsula">Labrador Peninsula</a> in 1498–99.<sup id="cite_ref-Major_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Major-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Labrador's name in the <a href="Inuttitut" title="Inuttitut">Inuttitut</a>/<a href="Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a> language (spoken in <a href="Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a>) is <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Nunatsuak</i></span> (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu">ᓄᓇᑦᓱᐊᒃ</span></span>), meaning "the big land" (a common English nickname for Labrador<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div>
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<p>Labrador has a roughly triangular shape that encompasses the easternmost section of the <a href="Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a>, a sweeping geographical region of thin soil and abundant mineral resources. Its western border with Quebec is the drainage divide of the Labrador Peninsula. Lands that drain into the <a href="Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> are part of Labrador, while lands that drain into <a href="Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> are part of Quebec. Labrador's extreme northern tip, at 60°22′N, shares a short border with Nunavut on Killiniq Island. Labrador also has a maritime border with Greenland. Northern Labrador's climate is classified as <a href="Polar_climate" title="Polar climate">polar</a>, while Southern Labrador's climate is classified as <a href="Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic</a>.
</p><p>Labrador can be divided into four geographical regions: the North Coast, Central Labrador, Western Labrador, and the South Coast. Each of those regions is described below.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Coast">North Coast</h3></div>
<p>From Cape Chidley to <a href="Hamilton_Inlet" title="Hamilton Inlet">Hamilton Inlet</a>, the long, thin, northern tip of Labrador holds the <a href="Torngat_Mountains" title="Torngat Mountains">Torngat Mountains</a>, named after an Inuit spirit believed to inhabit them. The mountains stretch along the coast from Port Manvers to <a href="Cape_Chidley" title="Cape Chidley">Cape Chidley</a>, the northernmost point of Labrador. The Torngat Mountain range is also home to <a href="Mount_Caubvick" title="Mount Caubvick">Mount Caubvick</a>, the highest point in the province. This area is predominantly Inuit, with the exception of a small Innu community, <a href="Natuashish" title="Natuashish">Natuashish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-power_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North Coast is the most isolated region of Labrador, with <a href="Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobiles</a>, boats, and planes being the only modern modes of transportation. The largest community in this region is <a href="Nain%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador">Nain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mun.ca_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mun.ca-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</h4></div>
<p><a href="Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a> is an Inuit self-government region in Labrador created on June 23, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-assent_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assent-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cabinet_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabinet-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LILCA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LILCA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlement area comprises the majority of Labrador's North Coast, while the land-use area also includes land farther to the interior and in Central Labrador. Nain is the administrative centre.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Labrador">Central Labrador</h3></div>
<p><a href="Central_Labrador" title="Central Labrador">Central Labrador</a> extends from the shores of <a href="Lake_Melville" title="Lake Melville">Lake Melville</a> into the interior. It contains the <a href="Churchill_River_(Atlantic)" title="Churchill River (Atlantic)">Churchill River</a>, the largest river in Labrador and one of the largest in Canada. The hydroelectric dam at <a href="Churchill_Falls" title="Churchill Falls">Churchill Falls</a> is the second-largest underground power station in the world. Most of the supply is bought by <a href="Hydro-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Hydro-Québec">Hydro-Québec</a> under a long-term contract. The <a href="Lower_Churchill_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Churchill Project">Lower Churchill Project</a> will develop the remaining potential of the river and supply it to provincial consumers. Known as "the heart of the Big Land", the area's population comprises people from all groups and regions of Labrador.
</p><p>Central Labrador is also home to <a href="Happy_Valley-Goose_Bay" title="Happy Valley-Goose Bay">Happy Valley-Goose Bay</a>. Once a refuelling point for plane convoys to Europe during <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="CFB_Goose_Bay" title="CFB Goose Bay">CFB Goose Bay</a> is now operated as a <a href="NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> tactical flight training site.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was an alternate landing zone for the United States' <a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-STSCanada_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STSCanada-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major communities in the area are <a href="North_West_River%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="North West River, Newfoundland and Labrador">North West River</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the large <a href="Innu" title="Innu">Innu</a> <a href="Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">reserve</a> known as <a href="Sheshatshiu" title="Sheshatshiu">Sheshatshiu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reserve_Creation_at_Sheshatshiu_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reserve_Creation_at_Sheshatshiu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Labrador">Western Labrador</h3></div>
<p>The highlands above the Churchill Falls were once an ancient hunting ground for the <a href="Innu" title="Innu">Innu</a> First Nations and settled trappers of Labrador. After the construction of the hydroelectric dam at Churchill Falls in 1970, the <a href="Smallwood_Reservoir" title="Smallwood Reservoir">Smallwood Reservoir</a> has flooded much of the old hunting land—submerging several grave sites and trapping cabins in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Western Labrador is also home to the <a href="Iron_Ore_Company_of_Canada" title="Iron Ore Company of Canada">Iron Ore Company of Canada</a>, which operates a large iron ore mine in <a href="Labrador_City" title="Labrador City">Labrador City</a>. Together with the small community of <a href="Wabush" title="Wabush">Wabush</a>, the two towns are known as "Labrador West".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Coast">South Coast</h3></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NunatuKavut">NunatuKavut</h4></div>
<p>From Hamilton Inlet to <a href="Cape_St._Charles" title="Cape St. Charles">Cape St. Charles</a>/<a href="St._Lewis%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. Lewis, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. Lewis</a>, <a href="NunatuKavut" title="NunatuKavut">NunatuKavut</a> is the territory of the <a href="NunatuKavummiut" title="NunatuKavummiut">NunatuKavummiut</a> or Central-Southern Labrador Inuit (formerly known as the Labrador <a href="M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-unveiling_nunatukavut_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unveiling_nunatukavut-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes portions of Central and Western Labrador, but more NunatuKavummiut reside in its South Coast portion: it is peppered with tiny Inuit fishing communities, of which <a href="Cartwright%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Cartwright, Newfoundland and Labrador">Cartwright</a> is the largest.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Labrador_Straits">Labrador Straits</h4></div>
<p>From Cape Charles to the Quebec–Labrador coastal border, the Straits are known for their Labrador <a href="Seagrass" title="Seagrass">seagrass</a> (as is NunatuKavut) and the multitude of icebergs that pass by the coast via the <a href="Labrador_Current" title="Labrador Current">Labrador Current</a>.
</p>
<p><a href="Red_Bay%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Red Bay</a> is known as one of the best examples of a preserved 16th-century <a href="Basque_whaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque whaling">Basque whaling</a> station. It is also the location of four 16th-century Spanish galleons. The <a href="Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouse</a> at <a href="Point_Amour_Lighthouse" title="Point Amour Lighthouse">Point Amour</a> is the second-largest lighthouse in Canada. MV <i>Qajaq</i>, a passenger ferry between the mainland and <a href="St._Barbe%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Barbe, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. Barbe</a> on the island of <a href="Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, is based in <a href="Blanc_Sablon%2C_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanc Sablon, Quebec">Blanc Sablon, Quebec</a>, near the Labrador border.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="L'Anse-au-Loup" title="L'Anse-au-Loup">L'Anse-au-Loup</a> is the largest town on the Labrador Straits.<sup id="cite_ref-cp16_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp16-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="L'Anse-au-Clair" title="L'Anse-au-Clair">L'Anse-au-Clair</a> is a small town on the Labrador side of the border.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_zones_of_Labrador">Time zones of Labrador</h3></div>
<p>Most of Labrador (from <a href="Cartwright%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Cartwright, Newfoundland and Labrador">Cartwright</a> north and west) uses <a href="Atlantic_Standard_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Standard Time Zone">Atlantic Time</a> (UTC−4 in winter, UTC−3 in summer). The southeastern tip nearest Newfoundland uses <a href="Newfoundland_Standard_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland Standard Time Zone">Newfoundland Time</a> (UTC−3:30 in winter, UTC−2:30 in summer) to stay co-ordinated with the more populous part of the province.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_of_Labrador">Climate of Labrador</h3></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Geography_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador">Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador</a></div>
<p>Most of Labrador has a <a href="Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic climate</a> (<a href="K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Dfc</a>), but northern Labrador has a <a href="Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra climate</a> (ET) and Happy Valley - Goose Bay has a <a href="Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> (Dfb) microclimate. Summers are typically cool to mild across Labrador and very rainy, and usually last from late June to the end of August. Autumn is generally short, lasting only a couple of weeks and is typically cool and cloudy. Winters are long, cold, and extremely snowy, due to the <a href="Icelandic_Low" title="Icelandic Low">Icelandic Low</a>. Springtime most years does not arrive until late April, with the last snow fall usually falling during early June. Labrador is a very cloudy place, with sunshine levels staying relatively low during spring and summer due to the amount of rain and clouds, before sharply dropping off during September as winter draws nearer.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_features">Natural features</h3></div>
<p>Labrador is home to a number of flora and fauna species. Most of the Upper Canadian and Lower Hudsonian <a href="Mammal" title="Mammal">mammalian</a> species are found in Labrador.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably the <a href="Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ursus maritimus</i></span>) reaches the southeast of Labrador on its seasonal movements.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div>
<p>Early settlement in Labrador was tied to the sea as demonstrated by the Innu (formerly called Montagnais) and Inuit, although these peoples also made significant forays throughout the interior.
</p><p>
It is believed that the <a href="Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a> were the first Europeans to sight Labrador around 1000 AD. The area was known as <i><a href="Markland" title="Markland">Markland</a></i> in <a href="Greenlandic_Norse" title="Greenlandic Norse">Greenlandic Norse</a> and its inhabitants were known as the <i><a href="Skr%C3%A6lings" class="mw-redirect" title="Skrælings">Skrælings</a></i>.</p><p>In 1499 and 1500, the Portuguese explorers <a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Fernandes_Lavrador" title="João Fernandes Lavrador">João Fernandes Lavrador</a> and <a href="Pero_de_Barcelos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pero de Barcelos">Pero de Barcelos</a> reached what was probably now Labrador, which is believed to be the origin of its name.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Visconte_Maggiolo" title="Visconte Maggiolo">Maggiolo's World Map</a>, 1511, shows a solid Eurasian continent running from Scandinavia around the North Pole, including Asia's arctic coast, to Newfoundland-Labrador and Greenland. On the extreme northeast promontory of North America, Maggiolo place names include <i>Terra de los Ingres</i> (Land of the English), and <i>Terra de Lavorador de rey de portugall</i> (Land of Lavrador of the King of Portugal). Farther south are the phrases <i>Terra de corte real e de rey de portugall</i> (Land of the Royal Court and of the King of Portugal) and <i>Terra de pescaria</i> (Land for Fishing). In the 1532 Wolfenbüttel map, believed to be the work of <a href="Diogo_Ribeiro_(cartographer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogo Ribeiro (cartographer)">Diogo Ribeiro</a>, along the coast of Greenland, the following legend was added: <i>As he who first sighted it was a farmer from the Azores Islands, this name remains attached to that country.</i> This is believed to be João Fernandes. For the first seven decades or so of the sixteenth century, the name Labrador was sometimes also applied to what is now known as Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labrador ("lavrador" in Portuguese) means husbandman or farmer of a tract of land (from "labor" in Latin) – the land of the labourer. European settlement was largely concentrated in coastal communities, particularly those south of St. Lewis and Cape Charles, and are among Canada's oldest European settlements.
</p><p>In 1542, Basque mariners came ashore at a natural harbour on the northeast coast of the Strait of Belle Isle. They gave this "new land" its Latin name <i>Terranova</i>. A whaling station was set up around the bay, which they called <i>Butus</i> and is now named Red Bay after the red terracotta roof tiles they brought with them. A whaling ship, the <i>San Juan</i>, sank there in 1565 and was raised in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<p>The <a href="Moravian_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Brethren">Moravian Brethren</a> of <a href="Herrnhut" title="Herrnhut">Herrnhut</a>, <a href="Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>, first came to the Labrador Coast in 1760 to minister to the migratory Inuit tribes there. They founded Nain, Okak, Hebron, Hopedale and Makkovik. Quite poor, both European and First Nations settlements along coastal Labrador came to benefit from cargo and relief vessels that were operated as part of the <a href="Grenfell_Mission" title="Grenfell Mission">Grenfell Mission</a> (see <a href="Wilfred_Grenfell" title="Wilfred Grenfell">Wilfred Grenfell</a>). Throughout the 20th century, coastal freighters and ferries operated initially by the <a href="Newfoundland_Railway" title="Newfoundland Railway">Newfoundland Railway</a> and later <a href="Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>/<a href="CN_Marine" title="CN Marine">CN Marine</a>/<a href="Marine_Atlantic" title="Marine Atlantic">Marine Atlantic</a> became a critical lifeline for communities on the coast, which for the majority of that century did not have any road connection with the rest of North America.
</p><p>Labrador was part of <a href="New_France" title="New France">New France</a> until the <a href="Seven_Years'_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. By the <a href="Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a>, which ended the war, New France (including Labrador, though excluding the islands of <a href="Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> southwest of Newfoundland) was transferred to the British, who administered the northern portion of it as the <a href="Province_of_Quebec_(1763-1791)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Quebec (1763-1791)">Province of Quebec</a> until splitting it in two in 1791, with Labrador located in <a href="Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a>. However, in 1809, the British Imperial government detached Labrador from Lower Canada for transfer to the separate, self-governing <a href="Newfoundland_Colony" title="Newfoundland Colony">Newfoundland Colony</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Newfoundland_National_Convention" title="Newfoundland National Convention">Newfoundland National Convention</a>, <a href="1948_Newfoundland_referendums" title="1948 Newfoundland referendums">1948 Newfoundland referendums</a>, and <a href="Canadian_Confederation#Joining_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation § Joining Confederation</a></div>
<p>As part of <a href="Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> since 1809, Labrador was still being disputed by <a href="Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> until the British <a href="Newfoundland_and_Labrador%E2%80%93Quebec_border" title="Newfoundland and Labrador–Quebec border">Privy Council resolved their border in 1927</a>. In 1949, <a href="Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> <a href="1948_Newfoundland_referendums" title="1948 Newfoundland referendums">entered into confederation</a>, becoming part of Canada (see above articles for full information).
</p><p>Labrador played strategic roles during both <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. In October 1943, a German <a href="U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> crew installed an automated weather station on the northern tip of Labrador near Cape Chidley, code-named <a href="Weather_Station_Kurt" title="Weather Station Kurt">Weather Station Kurt</a>; the installation of the equipment was the only-known armed German military operation on the North American mainland during the war. The station broadcast weather observations to the German navy for only a few days, but was not discovered until 1977 when a historian, working with the <a href="Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Canadian Coast Guard">Canadian Coast Guard</a>, identified its location and mounted an expedition to recover it. The station is now exhibited in the <a href="Canadian_War_Museum" title="Canadian War Museum">Canadian War Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The Canadian government built a major air force base at <a href="Goose_Bay_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Goose Bay (Newfoundland and Labrador)">Goose Bay</a>, at the head of <a href="Lake_Melville" title="Lake Melville">Lake Melville</a> during the Second World War, a site selected because of its topography, access to the sea, defensible location, and minimal fog. During the Second World War and the Cold War, the base was also home to American, British, and later German, Dutch, and Italian detachments. Today, Serco, the company contracted to operate <a href="CFB_Goose_Bay" title="CFB Goose Bay">CFB Goose Bay</a> is one of the largest employers for the community of <a href="Happy_Valley-Goose_Bay" title="Happy Valley-Goose Bay">Happy Valley-Goose Bay</a>.
</p><p>Additionally, both the <a href="Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> and <a href="United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> built and operated a number of radar stations along coastal Labrador as part of the <a href="Pinetree_Line" title="Pinetree Line">Pinetree Line</a>, <a href="Mid-Canada_Line" title="Mid-Canada Line">Mid-Canada Line</a> and <a href="Distant_Early_Warning_Line" title="Distant Early Warning Line">DEW Line</a> systems. Today, the remaining stations are automated as part of the <a href="North_Warning_System" title="North Warning System">North Warning System</a>; however, the military settlements during the early part of the Cold War surrounding these stations have largely continued as local Innu and Inuit populations have clustered near their port and airfield facilities.
</p><p>During the first half of the 20th century, some of the largest <a href="Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> deposits in the world were discovered in the western part of Labrador and adjacent areas of Quebec. Deposits at <a href="Mont_Wright_(Quebec)" title="Mont Wright (Quebec)">Mont Wright</a>, <a href="Schefferville%2C_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Schefferville, Quebec">Schefferville</a>, Labrador City, and Wabush drove industrial development and human settlement in the area during the second half of the 20th century.
</p><p>The present community of <a href="Labrador_West" title="Labrador West">Labrador West</a> is entirely a result of the iron ore mining activities in the region. The Iron Ore Company of Canada operates the <a href="Quebec_North_Shore_and_Labrador_Railway" title="Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway">Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway</a> to transport ore concentrate 578 km (359 mi) south to the port of <a href="Sept-%C3%8Eles%2C_Quebec" title="Sept-Îles, Quebec">Sept-Îles, Quebec</a>, for shipment to steel mills in North America and elsewhere.
</p><p>During the 1960s, the <a href="Churchill_River_(Atlantic)" title="Churchill River (Atlantic)">Churchill River</a> (Labrador name: Grand River) was diverted at <a href="Churchill_Falls" title="Churchill Falls">Churchill Falls</a>, resulting in the flooding of an enormous area – today named the Smallwood Reservoir after <a href="Joey_Smallwood" title="Joey Smallwood">Joey Smallwood</a>, the first premier of Newfoundland. The flooding of the reservoir destroyed large areas of habitat for the threatened Woodland Caribou. A hydroelectric generating station was built in Labrador as well as a transmission line to the neighbouring province of Quebec.<sup id="cite_ref-nfld-studies_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nfld-studies-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Construction of a large <a href="Hydroelectric_dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric dam">hydroelectric dam</a> project at <a href="Muskrat_Falls" title="Muskrat Falls">Muskrat Falls</a> began in 2012 by <a href="Nalcor_Energy" title="Nalcor Energy">Nalcor Energy</a> and the Province of Newfoundland.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muskrat Falls is 45 km (30 miles) west of <a href="Happy_Valley-Goose_Bay" title="Happy Valley-Goose Bay">Happy Valley-Goose Bay</a> on the Grand River (Newfoundland name: Churchill River). A transmission line began construction in October 2014 and was completed in 2016 that delivers power down to the southern tip of Labrador and underwater across the Strait of Belle Isle to the Province of Newfoundland in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<p>From the 1970s to early 2000s, the <a href="Trans-Labrador_Highway" title="Trans-Labrador Highway">Trans-Labrador Highway</a> was built in stages to connect various inland communities with the North American highway network at <a href="Mont_Wright_(Quebec)" title="Mont Wright (Quebec)">Mont Wright, Quebec</a> (which in turn is connected by a highway running north from <a href="Baie-Comeau" title="Baie-Comeau">Baie-Comeau</a>, Quebec). A southern extension of this highway has opened in stages during the early 2000s and is resulting in significant changes to the coastal ferry system in the Strait of Belle Isle and southeastern Labrador. These "highways" are so called only because of their importance to the region; they would be better described as roads, and were not completely paved until July 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>A study on a <a href="Newfoundland-Labrador_fixed_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland-Labrador fixed link">fixed link</a> to Newfoundland, in 2004, recommended that a tunnel under the <a href="Strait_of_Belle_Isle" title="Strait of Belle Isle">Strait of Belle Isle</a>, being a single railway that would carry cars, buses and trucks, was technologically the best option for such a link.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dream_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dream-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the study also concluded that a fixed link was not economically viable.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conceivably, if built with federal aid, the 1949 terms of union would be amended to remove ferry service from <a href="Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> to <a href="Channel_%E2%80%93_Port_aux_Basques" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel – Port aux Basques">Port aux Basques</a> across the <a href="Cabot_Strait" title="Cabot Strait">Cabot Strait</a>.
</p><p>Although a <a href="Trans-Labrador_Highway" title="Trans-Labrador Highway">highway link</a> has, as of December 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> been completed across Labrador, this route is somewhat longer than a proposed <a href="Quebec_Route_138" title="Quebec Route 138">Quebec North Shore highway</a> that presently does not exist. Part of the "highway", <a href="Quebec_Route_389" title="Quebec Route 389">Route 389</a>, starting approximately 212 kilometres (132 mi) from Baie-Comeau to 482 kilometres (300 mi), is of an inferior alignment, and from there to 570 kilometres (350 mi), the provincial border, is an accident-prone section notorious for its poor surface and sharp curves. Quebec in April 2009 announced major upgrades to Route 389 to be carried out.
</p><p>Route 389 and the Trans-Labrador Highway were added to Canada's <a href="National_Highway_System_(Canada)" title="National Highway System (Canada)">National Highway System</a> in September 2005.
</p><p><a href="Labrador_(electoral_district)" title="Labrador (electoral district)">Labrador</a> constitutes a federal electoral district electing one member to the <a href="House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>. Due to its size, distinct nature, and large Aboriginal population, Labrador has one seat despite having the smallest population of any electoral district in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Innnu_leader_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Innnu_leader-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formerly, Labrador was part of a riding that included part of the Island of Newfoundland.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labrador is divided into four provincial electoral districts in the <a href="Newfoundland_and_Labrador_House_of_Assembly" title="Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly">Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boundary_dispute">Boundary dispute</h2></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Newfoundland_and_Labrador%E2%80%93Quebec_border" title="Newfoundland and Labrador–Quebec border">Newfoundland and Labrador–Quebec border</a></div>
<p>In 1809, Labrador was transferred from Lower Canada to the Newfoundland Colony, but the inland boundary of Labrador had never been precisely stated.<sup id="cite_ref-marianopolis_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marianopolis-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newfoundland argued it extended to the height of land, while Canada, stressing the historical use of the term "Coasts of Labrador", argued the boundary was 1 statute mile (1.6 km) inland from the high-tide mark. As Canada and Newfoundland were separate <a href="Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a>, but both within the <a href="British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, the matter was referred to the <a href="Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in London). Their decision set the Labrador boundary mostly along the coastal watershed, with part being defined by the <a href="52nd_parallel_north" class="mw-redirect" title="52nd parallel north">52nd parallel north</a>. One of Newfoundland's conditions for joining Confederation in 1949 was that this boundary be entrenched in the Canadian constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this border has not been formally accepted by the <a href="Quebec_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec government">Quebec government</a>, the Henri Dorion Commission (<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Commission d'étude sur l'intégrité du territoire du Québec</span></span>) concluded in the early 1970s that Quebec no longer has a legal claim to Labrador.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 2001, Parti Québécois cabinet ministers <a href="Jacques_Brassard" title="Jacques Brassard">Jacques Brassard</a> and <a href="Joseph_Facal" title="Joseph Facal">Joseph Facal</a> erroneously reasserted that Quebec has never recognized the 1927 border:
</p>
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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les ministres rappellent qu'aucun gouvernement québécois n'a reconnu formellement le tracé de la frontière entre le Québec et Terre-Neuve dans la péninsule du Labrador selon l'avis rendu par le comité judiciaire du Conseil privé de Londres en 1927. Pour le Québec, cette frontière n'a donc jamais été définitivement arrêtée.</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
[The ministers reiterate that no Quebec government has ever formally recognised the drawing of the border between Quebec and Newfoundland in the Labrador peninsula according to the opinion rendered by the London Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1927. For Quebec, this border has thus never been definitively defined.]</p></blockquote>
<p>In 2023, <a href="Jordan_Brown_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador_politician)" title="Jordan Brown (Newfoundland and Labrador politician)">Jordan Brown</a>, a Newfoundland and Labrador politician, criticized the <a href="Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> for exhibiting a map of Quebec on which the whole of Labrador was depicted as part of Quebec.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Self-government">Self-government</h2></div>
<p>A Royal Commission in 2002 determined that there is some public pressure from Labradorians to break from Newfoundland and become a separate province or territory.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_self-government">Indigenous self-government</h3></div>
<p>After decades of negotiation with the provincial and federal governments, the <a href="Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a> region of northern and northeastern Labrador was created in 2005 as an autonomous region with its own elected <a href="Nunatsiavut_Assembly" title="Nunatsiavut Assembly">Assembly</a> and executive drawn from members of the region's Assembly. Some of the <a href="Innu" title="Innu">Innu</a> nation would have the entirety of Labrador become a homeland for them, much as <a href="Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> and Nunatsiavut is for the <a href="Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, as a good portion of <a href="Nitassinan" title="Nitassinan">Nitassinan</a> falls within Labrador's borders; a 1999 resolution of the <a href="Assembly_of_First_Nations" title="Assembly of First Nations">Assembly of First Nations</a> claimed Labrador as a homeland for the Innu and demanded recognition in any further constitutional negotiations regarding the region.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Labrador's Innu became status Indians under the <i><a href="Indian_Act" title="Indian Act">Indian Act</a></i> in 2002. <a href="Natuashish" title="Natuashish">Natuashish</a> became a <a href="Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">federal Indian reserve</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Sheshatshiu" title="Sheshatshiu">Sheshatshiu</a> became a <a href="Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">federal reserve</a> in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Reserve_Creation_at_Sheshatshiu_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reserve_Creation_at_Sheshatshiu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The Labrador Inuit Association had filed a <a href="Indigenous_land_claims_in_Canada" title="Indigenous land claims in Canada">land claim</a> for portions of Labradorian land in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-landclaim_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landclaim-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, the Labrador Inuit Association, the government of the province of Newfoundland, and the <a href="Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">government of Canada</a> began negotiations based on the land claim.<sup id="cite_ref-negotiation_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-negotiation-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An agreement-in-principle was achieved in 2001, and on May 26, 2004, the agreement was ratified by over 75% of eligible voters subject to the land claim.<sup id="cite_ref-negotiation_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-negotiation-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 22, 2005, the Inuit of <a href="Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a> signed the Labrador Inuit Lands Claims Agreement<sup id="cite_ref-LILCA_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LILCA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the federal and provincial governments covering 72,520 km<sup>2</sup> (28,000 sq mi) of land,<sup id="cite_ref-landclaim_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landclaim-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the entire northern salient of Labrador north of <a href="Nain%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador">Nain</a> as well as a portion of the Atlantic coast south of there. The agreement also includes 44,030 km<sup>2</sup> (17,000 sq mi) of sea rights.<sup id="cite_ref-landclaim_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landclaim-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Inuit will not own the whole area, they were granted special rights related to traditional land use, and they will own 15,800 km<sup>2</sup> (6,100 sq mi) designated Labrador Inuit Lands.<sup id="cite_ref-landclaim_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landclaim-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement also establishes the <a href="Torngat_Mountains_National_Park" title="Torngat Mountains National Park">Torngat Mountains National Park</a> in the northern area of the land claim. The agreement was ratified by the Labrador Inuit, the <a href="General_Assembly_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador">General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, and the <a href="Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>, where it received <a href="Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal Assent</a> on June 23, 2005, whereafter elections would be held for the Nunatsiavut Assembly and self-government would begin.<sup id="cite_ref-assent_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assent-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In the late 1970s, the Labrador Metis Association was created by the inhabitants of Labrador's southern coast to gain recognition as a distinct ethnocultural group,<sup id="cite_ref-unveiling_nunatukavut_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unveiling_nunatukavut-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as at the time despite a pre-existing treaty protected under the constitution, the "Inuit-Metis" were considered to be merely the descendants of Inuit who had joined Western society.<sup id="cite_ref-InuitStudies_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InuitStudies-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little was known about the history of the "Inuit-Metis" of the time. In 2006, the Labrador Metis Association initiated a project with <a href="Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" title="Memorial University of Newfoundland">Memorial University of Newfoundland</a> to better understand their past through the Community-University Research Association (CURA).<sup id="cite_ref-unveiling_nunatukavut_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unveiling_nunatukavut-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following research by CURA, the "Labrador Metis" were understood to be a continuation of the Inuit of southern Labrador.<sup id="cite_ref-InuitStudies_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InuitStudies-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the Labrador Metis Association changed its name to reflect their newly discovered heritage, and became the NunatuKavut Community Council.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Southern Inuit of <a href="NunatuKavut" title="NunatuKavut">NunatuKavut</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who are also seeking self-government, have their land claim before the Government of Canada. The Government of Newfoundland and Labrador refuses to recognise or negotiate with the Inuit of NunatuKavut until their claim has been accepted by the Government of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div>
<p>The Labrador region, with its 26,655 population,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is lower than any of the <a href="Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a> territories, <a href="Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a>, <a href="Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> and <a href="Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>. <a href="Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland Island</a> contains the majority of the population of the province of <a href="Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communities">Communities</h3></div>
<p>The municipalities of Labrador are mainly under 1,000 in population.
</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<caption>Population of largest communities in Labrador
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Town
</th>
<th>2021<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Happy_Valley-Goose_Bay" title="Happy Valley-Goose Bay">Happy Valley-Goose Bay</a>
</td>
<td>8,040
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Labrador_City" title="Labrador City">Labrador City</a>
</td>
<td>7,412
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Wabush" title="Wabush">Wabush</a>
</td>
<td>1,964
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Sheshatshiu" title="Sheshatshiu">Sheshatshiu</a>
</td>
<td>1,410
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Nain%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador">Nain</a>
</td>
<td>1,204
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Natuashish" title="Natuashish">Natuashish</a>
</td>
<td>856
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Churchill_Falls%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Churchill Falls, Newfoundland and Labrador">Churchill Falls</a>
</td>
<td>732
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="L'Anse-au-Loup" title="L'Anse-au-Loup">L'Anse-au-Loup</a>
</td>
<td>692
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Hopedale%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador">Agvituk</a>
</td>
<td>596
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="North_West_River" title="North West River">North West River</a>
</td>
<td>560
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Cartwright%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Cartwright, Newfoundland and Labrador">Cartwright</a>
</td>
<td>439
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Port_Hope_Simpson" title="Port Hope Simpson">Port Hope Simpson</a>
</td>
<td>403
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Forteau" title="Forteau">Forteau</a>
</td>
<td>377
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Makkovik" title="Makkovik">Makkovik</a>
</td>
<td>365
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Rigolet" title="Rigolet">Rigolet</a>
</td>
<td>327
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Mary's_Harbour" title="Mary's Harbour">Mary's Harbour</a>
</td>
<td>312
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Charlottetown%2C_Labrador%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlottetown, Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador">Charlottetown</a>
</td>
<td>292
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="L'Anse_au_Clair" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Anse au Clair">L'Anse au Clair</a>
</td>
<td>219
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Postville%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Postville, Newfoundland and Labrador">Postville</a>
</td>
<td>188
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="St._Lewis%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. Lewis, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. Lewis</a>
</td>
<td>181
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Red_Bay%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Red Bay</a>
</td>
<td>142
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="West_St._Modeste" title="West St. Modeste">West St. Modeste</a>
</td>
<td>102
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Black_Tickle" title="Black Tickle">Black Tickle</a>
</td>
<td>87
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Pinware" title="Pinware">Pinware</a>
</td>
<td>64
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Lodge_Bay" title="Lodge Bay">Lodge Bay</a>
</td>
<td>61
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Capstan_Island" title="Capstan Island">Capstan Island</a>
</td>
<td>55
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Mud_Lake%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Mud Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador">Mud Lake</a>
</td>
<td>54
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Pinsent's_Arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinsent's Arm">Pinsent's Arm</a>
</td>
<td>43
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Norman's_Bay" title="Norman's Bay">Norman's Bay</a>
</td>
<td>15
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Paradise_River%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Paradise River, Newfoundland and Labrador">Paradise River</a>
</td>
<td>5
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Demographic Factors (2021 Census)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Factor
</th>
<th>Labrador
<p><a href="Division_No._10%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 10, Newfoundland and Labrador">Census Division 10</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
(excludes Nunatsiavut-Nain)
</p>
</th>
<th>Labrador
<p><a href="Division_No._11%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Division No. 11, Newfoundland and Labrador">Census Division 11</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
(Nunatsiavut-Nain)
</p>
</th>
<th>Canada<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Population
</td>
<td>24,332
</td>
<td>2,323
</td>
<td>36,991,981
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Male/Female split
</td>
<td>50.7%/49.3%
</td>
<td>50.0%/50.0%
</td>
<td>49.3/50.7%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Median age (years)
</td>
<td>39.2
</td>
<td>32.8
</td>
<td>41.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Median household income (2020)
</td>
<td>$115,000
</td>
<td>$77,500
</td>
<td>$84,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Employment insurance benefits (2020)
</td>
<td>3.4%
</td>
<td>6.8%
</td>
<td>1.4%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>According to the 2011 Census, Labrador was 55.1% White, 18.5% Inuit, 15.6% Metis, and 8.6% First Nations (Innu).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Akami%E2%88%92Uapishk%E1%B5%98%E2%88%92KakKasuak%E2%88%92Mealy_Mountains_National_Park_Reserve" title="Akami−Uapishkᵘ−KakKasuak−Mealy Mountains National Park Reserve">Akami−Uapishkᵘ−KakKasuak−Mealy Mountains National Park Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="Barren_Bay" title="Barren Bay">Barren Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="Black_Bear_Bay" title="Black Bear Bay">Black Bear Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="Caplin_Bay" title="Caplin Bay">Caplin Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="Churchill_River_(Atlantic)" title="Churchill River (Atlantic)">Churchill River (Atlantic)</a></li>
<li><a href="Central_Mineral_Belt%2C_Labrador" title="Central Mineral Belt, Labrador">Central Mineral Belt, Labrador</a></li>
<li><a href="Hinchinbrook_Bay" title="Hinchinbrook Bay">Hinchinbrook Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="Labradorite" title="Labradorite">Labradorite</a></li>
<li><a href="Landsat_Island" title="Landsat Island">Landsat Island</a></li>
<li><a href="Newfoundland%E2%80%93Labrador_fixed_link" title="Newfoundland–Labrador fixed link">Newfoundland–Labrador fixed link</a></li>
<li><a href="Voisey's_Bay_Mine" title="Voisey's Bay Mine">Voisey's Bay Mine</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1962" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, James A. (1962). <i>The Cabot Voyages and Bristol Discovery under Henry VII</i>. London. pp. 98, <span class="nowrap">120–</span>1, <span class="nowrap">312–</span>17. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/808696">808696</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)</span></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLow1896" class="citation cs2">Low, Albert Peter (1896), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportonexplorat00geoluoft">"Report on explorations in the Labrador peninsula along the East Main, Koksoak, Hamilton, Manicuagan and portions of other rivers in 1892–93–94–95"</a>, <i>Geological Survey of Canada</i>, Ottawa: Queen's Printer<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-13</span></span></cite></li>
<li><i>The Lure of the Labrador Wild</i>, by <a href="Dillon_Wallace" title="Dillon Wallace">Dillon Wallace</a> (1905)</li>
<li><i>Along the Labrador Coast</i>, by Charles W. Townsend, M.D. (1907)</li>
<li><i>Birds of Labrador</i>, by Charles W. Townsend, M.D. (1907)</li>
<li><i>A Labrador Spring</i>, by Charles W. Townsend, M.D. (1910)</li>
<li><i>Captain Cartwright and His Labrador Journal</i>, by Charles W. Townsend, M.D. (1911)</li>
<li><i>In Audubon's Labrador</i>, by Charles W. Townsend, M.D. (1918)</li>
<li><i>Labrador,</i> by Robert Stewart (1977)</li>
<li><i>Labrador by Choice</i>, by Benjamin W. Powell Sr. C.M. (1979)</li>
<li><i>The Story of Labrador</i>, by B. Rompkey (2005)</li>
<li>Buckle, Francis. <i>The Anglican Church in Labrador</i>. (Labrador City: Archdeaconry of Labrador, 1998.)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/labrador" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/labrador">labrador</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><a href="Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a> e-text of Dillon Wallace's <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=4019">The Lure of the Labrador Wild</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tlhwy.com/">Trans-Labrador Highway website</a> – detailed information about travelling in Labrador.</li></ul>
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</style><div id="Northern_Canada104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada#Territories" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li>
<li><a href="Treaty_11" title="Treaty 11">Treaty 11</a> <small>(1921)</small></li>
<li><a href="Inuvialuit_Final_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuvialuit Final Agreement">Inuvialuit</a> <small>(1984)</small></li>
<li>Gwich'in <small>(1992)</small></li>
<li><a href="Sahtu_Dene_and_Metis_Comprehensive_Land_Claim_Agreement" title="Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement">Sahtu</a> <small>(1993)</small></li>
<li>Tłįchǫ <small>(2003)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Deh_Cho_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Deh Cho Region">Deh Cho</a></li>
<li><a href="Inuvik_Region" title="Inuvik Region">Inuvik</a></li>
<li><a href="North_Slave_Region" title="North Slave Region">North Slave</a></li>
<li><a href="Sahtu_Region" title="Sahtu Region">Sahtu</a></li>
<li><a href="South_Slave_Region" title="South Slave Region">South Slave</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nunavut_Land_Claims_Agreement" title="Nunavut Land Claims Agreement">Nunavut Land Claims Agreement</a> <small>(1993)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Kitikmeot_Region" title="Kitikmeot Region">Kitikmeot</a></li>
<li><a href="Kivalliq_Region" title="Kivalliq Region">Kivalliq</a></li>
<li><a href="Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Qikiqtaaluk Region">Qikiqtaaluk</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Whitehorse" title="Whitehorse">Whitehorse</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Yukon_Land_Claims" title="Yukon Land Claims">Yukon Land Claims</a> <small>(1990-ongoing)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other northern regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Happy_Valley-Goose_Bay" title="Happy Valley-Goose Bay">Happy Valley-Goose Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="Labrador_West" title="Labrador West">Labrador West</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a> <small>(2005)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Northern_Alberta" title="Northern Alberta">Northern Alberta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Fort_McMurray" title="Fort McMurray">Fort McMurray</a></li>
<li><a href="Grande_Prairie" title="Grande Prairie">Grande Prairie</a></li>
<li><a href="Cold_Lake%2C_Alberta" title="Cold Lake, Alberta">Cold Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="Whitecourt" title="Whitecourt">Whitecourt</a></li>
<li><a href="Peace_River%2C_Alberta" title="Peace River, Alberta">Peace River</a></li>
<li><a href="Slave_Lake" title="Slave Lake">Slave Lake</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern British Columbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Prince_George%2C_British_Columbia" title="Prince George, British Columbia">Prince George</a></li>
<li><a href="Fort_St._John%2C_British_Columbia" title="Fort St. John, British Columbia">Fort St. John</a></li>
<li><a href="Terrace%2C_British_Columbia" title="Terrace, British Columbia">Terrace</a></li>
<li><a href="Prince_Rupert%2C_British_Columbia" title="Prince Rupert, British Columbia">Prince Rupert</a></li>
<li><a href="Dawson_Creek" title="Dawson Creek">Dawson Creek</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li>
<li><a href="British_Columbia_Treaty_Process" title="British Columbia Treaty Process">British Columbia Treaty Process</a> <small>(1993-ongoing)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Northern_Manitoba" title="Northern Manitoba">Northern Manitoba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Thompson%2C_Manitoba" title="Thompson, Manitoba">Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="The_Pas" title="The Pas">The Pas</a></li>
<li><a href="Flin_Flon" title="Flin Flon">Flin Flon</a></li>
<li><a href="Norway_House" title="Norway House">Norway House</a></li>
<li><a href="Churchill%2C_Manitoba" title="Churchill, Manitoba">Churchill</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Treaty_5" title="Treaty 5">Treaty 5</a> <small>(1875, 1908)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Northern_Ontario" title="Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a></li>
<li><a href="Sault_Ste._Marie%2C_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie</a></li>
<li><a href="North_Bay%2C_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="Timmins" title="Timmins">Timmins</a></li>
<li><a href="Kenora" title="Kenora">Kenora</a></li>
<li><a href="West_Nipissing" title="West Nipissing">West Nipissing</a></li>
<li><a href="Elliot_Lake" title="Elliot Lake">Elliot Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="Fort_Frances" title="Fort Frances">Fort Frances</a></li>
<li><a href="Kapuskasing" title="Kapuskasing">Kapuskasing</a></li>
<li><a href="Dryden%2C_Ontario" title="Dryden, Ontario">Dryden</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Treaty_3" title="Treaty 3">Treaty 3</a> <small>(1873)</small></li>
<li><a href="Treaty_9" title="Treaty 9">Treaty 9</a> <small>(1905–06, 1929–30)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Northern_Quebec" title="Northern Quebec">Northern Quebec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Chibougamau" title="Chibougamau">Chibougamau</a></li>
<li><a href="Chisasibi" title="Chisasibi">Chisasibi</a></li>
<li><a href="Kuujjuaq" title="Kuujjuaq">Kuujjuaq</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="James_Bay_and_Northern_Quebec_Agreement" title="James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement">James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement</a> <small>(1975)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a></li>
<li><a href="Eeyou_Istchee" title="Eeyou Istchee">Eeyou Istchee</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Northern_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Saskatchewan">Northern Saskatchewan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="La_Ronge" title="La Ronge">La Ronge</a></li>
<li><a href="La_Loche" title="La Loche">La Loche</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Treaty_6" title="Treaty 6">Treaty 6</a> <small>(1889)</small></li>
<li><a href="Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li>
<li><a href="Treaty_10" title="Treaty 10">Treaty 10</a> <small>(1906)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador741" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Subdivisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador741" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of <a href="Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a></li>
<li><a href="Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_islands_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of islands of Newfoundland and Labrador">Other islands</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions and<br>statistical units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Canada#Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_census_divisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of census divisions of Newfoundland and Labrador">Census divisions</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_census_agglomerations_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of census agglomerations in Newfoundland and Labrador">Census agglomerations</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_municipalities_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador">Municipalities</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_population_centres_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of population centres in Newfoundland and Labrador">Population centres</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_unincorporated_communities_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of unincorporated communities in Newfoundland and Labrador">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_cities_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Newfoundland and Labrador">Cities</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_towns_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of towns in Newfoundland and Labrador">Towns</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Inuit_community_governments_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Inuit community governments in Newfoundland and Labrador">Inuit community governments</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Indian_reserves_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian reserves in Newfoundland and Labrador">Indian reserves</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_local_service_districts_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of local service districts in Newfoundland and Labrador">Local service districts</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_designated_places_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of designated places in Newfoundland and Labrador">Designated places</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_ghost_towns_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador">Ghost towns</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_cities_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Newfoundland and Labrador">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Corner_Brook" title="Corner Brook">Corner Brook</a></li>
<li><a href="Mount_Pearl" title="Mount Pearl">Mount Pearl</a></li>
<li><b><a href="St._John's%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Newfoundland and Labrador</b></li>
<li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3ACanada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></b></li>
<li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> WikiProject:Newfoundland and Labrador</b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Portuguese_Empire509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a href="Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size: 85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size: 85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="Safi%2C_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size: 85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="Mehdya%2C_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size: 85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="Qurayyat%2C_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="Barka%2C_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="Kong%2C_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span>
<br><a href="Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="Pallippuram%2C_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Chittagong<br><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1535</td><td> <a href="Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="Mangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span>
<br>Portuguese India
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span>
<br>Portuguese India
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a href="Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break col-break-3">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span>
<br><a href="Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span>
<br>Portuguese Macau
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a href="Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break">
<p>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="col-break">
<p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span>
</p>
<table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li>
<li><a href="Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="Lusotropicalism" title="Lusotropicalism">Lusotropicalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Pluricontinentalism" title="Pluricontinentalism">Pluricontinentalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li>
<li><a href="Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li>
<li><a href="Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li>
<li><a href="Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380307#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata969" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380307#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata969" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/9818147270489835700001">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85073777">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550889705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/275bdbd4-3bcd-4b27-8316-cd2f0da765c3">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045627">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/7f1ec150-841e-4f63-a268-25455f66d1ee">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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